Detailed Explanation of Distribution Automation System

Distribution automation technology is an important technology serving the transformation and construction of urban and rural distribution networks. Distribution automation includes feeder automation and distribution management systems. Communication technology is the key to distribution automation. my country's distribution automation has carried out many pilot projects. The three-layer structure composed of distribution main station, substation and feeder terminal has been generally recognized, and optical fiber communication as the communication method of the backbone network has also been recognized. The realization of feeder automation can also be fully established on the basis of optical fiber communication, which enables feeder terminals to communicate with each other quickly and jointly realize feeder automation functions with higher performance.

Distribution automation system (DAS) is an automation system that enables power distribution enterprises to monitor, coordinate and operate power distribution equipment in a remote manner in real time. (GIS) and demand side management (DSM) together constitute the distribution management system (DMS).

1. Introduction to Distribution Automation System

Electric power automation is divided into functional categories:

1.1 Dispatch automation: national dispatch, regional dispatch, provincial dispatch, local dispatch and county dispatch. It is used to dispatch and command the power generation and transmission of substations and power stations to realize automated management.

1.2 Substation comprehensive automation: on-site monitoring and control of 500KV0KV substations, and transfer data to dispatching automation system.

1.3 Distribution network automation: automatic management of the monitoring and control of the distribution network of the 10KV system in the urban area, optimization of the distribution network structure in the urban area, reasonable and efficient power consumption management, timely prediction of accidents and timely handling of faults.

1.4 Power distribution automation: For the automatic management of power distribution equipment of end users such as factories and buildings, improve the reliability of power distribution system operation, realize early warning of accidents, improve work efficiency, and achieve the goal of economic operation.

2. Main functions of distribution automation system

System operation monitoring and control
Power Quality Monitoring and Analysis
Power Factor Monitoring and Control
High-precision energy metering
Energy consumption statistics and analysis
Preventive Electrical Fire Monitoring
Alarm and Event Management
report management
User Management

3. Customer value of distribution automation system

Comprehensive use of technical means and management means to reduce energy consumption in production
Reduce overall energy costs by optimizing the coordinated use of various energy sources, energy use time, etc.
Relying on proactive and defensive maintenance and services to ensure efficient and stable energy use
Improve the reliability of the power system and ensure the continuity of power supply
Improve power consumption mode, promote energy saving and consumption reduction
Monitor and analyze power quality issues to reduce failure risk
Analyze the cause of the fault through effective diagnostic tools to shorten the time of power outage
Improve the management efficiency of the power system and reduce operating costs

4. System structure of distribution automation system

4.1 Monitoring system
The power monitoring system adopts a layered distributed structure design, which is divided into interval units and has a modular design of application functions. The entire monitoring system is divided into three layers: system management layer, communication interface layer, and on-site monitoring layer.

4.2 System Management
It consists of power monitoring software, monitoring host, monitor, printer, uninterruptible power supply (UPS), etc.
Single host system: one server and one client
Multi-host system: one server and many clients

4.3 Communication interface layer
The communication interface layer refers to the communication equipment and communication links between the on-site monitoring layer equipment and the system management host system for data exchange, including Ethernet gateways, industrial Ethernet switches, optical fiber converters, optical cables, and communication cables.

4.4 On-site monitoring layer
The on-site monitoring layer refers to various intelligent devices installed on site to complete functions such as measurement, monitoring, and communication.

5. System functions of distribution automation system

5.1 System operation monitoring and control
The monitoring interface displays the network diagram of the entire power monitoring system, dynamically refreshes the real-time operating parameters and operating status of each electrical equipment, and supports the remote control function of field equipment. The screen of the monitoring system is configured according to the actual situation on site.

5.2 Power Quality Monitoring and Analysis
Real-time monitoring of power quality and power reliability within the entire monitoring system. Monitor system voltage deviation, frequency deviation, unbalance, power factor, harmonic content, voltage flicker, and other power quality problems in real time, and evaluate whether the power quality meets the standards. Record the waveform during disturbance as the basis for power quality analysis and fault analysis.

5.3 Power Factor Monitoring and Control
The effect of power factor compensation of the power grid is monitored in real time, and the intelligent reactive power compensation capacitor quickly compensates for the reactive power shortage of the system, and improves the energy efficiency of the power grid by correcting the power factor of the system.

5.4 High-precision electric energy measurement
Use intelligent measurement and control instruments with high precision, multi-period, and two-way metering to accurately measure user power consumption, and provide important data for power management, load distribution optimization, and power efficiency improvement.

5.5 Statistics and Analysis of Power Consumption
The system provides users with a comprehensive statistical report function of electric energy and demand, and users can also customize the electric energy statistical function that meets the needs, including the power consumption of different electric equipment at different rates, and can be calculated according to the daily, monthly, quarterly, and annual The time period is counted and recorded, and can be queried, displayed and printed.

5.6 Preventive electrical fire monitoring
Continuously monitor the changes of leakage current of electrical equipment and the temperature of cable joints, provide a basis for preventive maintenance of power distribution equipment, effectively prevent electrical fires, and ensure the safety of users' property.

5.7 Alarm and event management
The system triggers and records alarms when power quality events occur, equipment status changes, grid disturbances, and electrical faults occur. When the system alarms, an alarm screen will pop up automatically and a voice prompt will be given. At the same time, the alarm information can be notified to relevant personnel through Email, SMS, etc.

5.8 Historical data management
The system completes historical data management based on the SQL server database, and all real-time sampling data, sequence of events records (SOE), etc. can be saved to the historical database. You can customize the parameters that need to be queried, the time period of the query or select the number of recently updated records to be queried, displayed and drawn as a graph.

5.9 Report Management
Reports can be generated based on existing templates in the system, or by customizing new templates. Reports in xml format can be generated manually or according to a preset schedule, or triggered by events. For example: power consumption statistics report, power trend report, etc. Reports can be sent via Email or HTML format, printed manually or automatically.

5.10 User rights management
User rights management can prevent unauthorized operations and ensure the safe and stable operation of the system. Users can define the login names, passwords and operation rights of users of different levels to provide reliable security for system maintenance and management.

5.11 Third-party communication function
Support industrial OPC interface, it can be used as an OPC server to provide data for other programs (such as DCS system, BA system), and can also be used as an OPC client to obtain data from other systems. The system is compatible with commonly used power distribution field regulations IEC60870-5-101, IEC60870-5-103, CDT, etc., and can be compatible with all third-party equipment of the Modubs protocol.

5.12 Support Web client
The system provides web services, and the client can view the power monitoring site screen and consult the power consumption statistics report through the IE browser in the office and other places.